Cloning Animals Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Cloning Animals Essay, Research Paper # 65279 ; The cloning of animate beings will be good to human existences inthe near future. Experiments in cloning animate beings started in theearly nine-teen-fifties. Over the following 40 old ages, scientistswere merely able to clone animate beings from really immature embryologic cells. When these scientists tried to utilize older cells for cloning, theydid non acquire normal consequences. This led many scientists to believethat animate beings could non be cloned from grownup cells. ( Pennisi, 1997 ) However, this all changed in the Summer of 1995 with the birth oftwo lambs, Megan and Morag, at the Roslin Institute in Scotland. The birth of these two lambs led to one of the most astoundingbreakthroughs in scientific history, the birth of a lamb namedDolly. Megan and Morag were two lambs carried to term by a surrogatemother. However, Megan and Morag were non produced by normalbiological methods. Their familial codification came from the cells of anine-day-year old embryo. We will write a custom essay sample on Cloning Animals Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thus, Megan and Morag were geneticcopies, or ringers of this embryo. The key to this cloning was aprocess called atomic transportation. This procedure requires the usage oftwo cells, the giver cell and the receiver cell. The recipientcell is normally an unfertilised egg. Research workers at the RoslinInstitute used microscopic instruments, like a micro pipette, toextract all of the chromosomes from the receiver cell. Therecipient cell was so fused to the giver cell and placed into thesurrogate female parent. The birth of Megan and Morag was a tremendousbreakthrough because these scientists proved that older cells couldbe genetically reprogrammed to move like cells in an early embryonicstage. ( Wilmut, 1998 ) The research that went into the development of Megan and Morageventually led to the birth of the first mammal cloned from anadult mammal. To carry through this, the research squad at the Roslininstitute used cells removed from a six-year-old Ewe s bag. These cells were so depriv ed of any nutrition, which forced thegenes to go inactive. The research workers did this because theywanted the cell-cycle phase of the receiver to be the same as thedonor s cell-cycle phase. The research workers so performed thenuclear transportation and tried to excite the inactivated cistrons tostart to develop into a new lamb. Merely one out of two-hundred and 77 eggs produced a healthy lamb, which was named Dolly. The difference between the cloning of Megan and Morag and thecloning of Dolly is that Megan and Morag were cloned from a youngcell, while Dolly was cloned from an adult cell. This was thefirst time that an animal had ever been cloned from and adult cell. Thus, proving the theory, that an animal could not be cloned froman adult cell, was wrong. (Pennisi, 1997) The birth of Dolly, which was in February of 1997, has led toincreased research and development into the cloning of animals. OnWednesday, the eighth, the Washington Post printed an article whichstated that Japanese researchers had cloned eight calves from oneadult cow. This achievement is a big improvement over Dollybecause eight calves were born from ten attempts, while Dolly wasthe only successful birth out of two-hundred and seventy-seveneggs. These calves were cloned from cells taken form a cow sovaries and fallopian tubes. The cells that were taken from thefallopian tub es were a kind of cell that had never been used forcloning before. The cloning of these calves is big news becausecows are one of the most commercially important animals. Thecloning of cows will allow for an easier way of expanding the herdsand developing cows to produce more and better milk. (Weiss, 1998) The cloning of animals will be a very important part of ourfuture, especially the animals that we rely on. One way thatcloning animals will be important to us is that only the best ofeach type of animal that we rely on, like cows that produce qualitybeef and milk, would be cloned. Thus reducing the possibility ofdisease carried in these animals, like mad cow disease. A secondway that cloning would be beneficial to us, is that once scientistsfigure out how to add other beneficial characteristics to a donorcell, then animals could be genetically engineered to be resistantto all forms of disease. These animals could also be engineered tobe able to donate organs to humans. In the case of cows, theycould be developed to produce medicines in their milk that would bebeneficial to humans. Researchers at the Roslin institute arealready working on cloning sheep with a gene that would allow thesheep to produce milk that contains a beneficial protein thathemophiliacs use to aid in allowing their blood to clot. (Pennisi,1997)