Relationships In Different Cultures Essay

Every culture has their own definition of family relationships. Most family  relationships stem from the concept of marriage. Different types of marriages are  accepted all around the world. Some marriages are based on civil aspects, others are  based solely on religious aspects, and most are based on both. There are two main  types of marriages throughout the world which are monogamy and polygamy. Each type  of marriage has been around for thousands of years and both the past and present  show that there are both advantages and disadvantages of each marital practice.   The most widespread form of marriage with the longest history is Monogamy.  Monogamy is the form of marriage where one man marries one woman. Ancient  Greeks, Ancient Romans, Jews, Christians, Indians, and tribes such as the Hopi and  Iroquois have regarded monogamy as the most ideal form of marriage. There are quite  a few advantages in monogamous marriages. There is typically better understandin   gand communication between the man and wife, more focus on the children leading to a  more stable family most of the time and it is better economically suited for most people.  Since there are only two spouses, monogamy has been shown to offer the highest form  of love and affection and sex relations are more regulated. Disadvantages of  monogamy aren’t often mentioned since its practiced by the majority of people in the  world but things can get complicated between the two spouses if abuse or adultery gets  involved. Even so, both the woman and man can divorce freely if they wish. The form of polygamy is the second prominent concept practiced throughout the world. Polygamy is when both the man and woman have freedom to have additional  mates. The historical Montagnais Tribe believed in pure polygamy. Before the French  took them over and converted them to European beliefs, both woman and men were  allowed to have multiple partners. They were a very mature culture where jealousy did  not exist and instead, they channeled their energy into loving every single person within the tribe and each child was considered everyones’. Woman were actually seen as  above the men in a number of ways. Leacock describes how the woman create a very  complimentary relationship between spouses: The Montagnais woman is far from being a drudge. Instead she is a respected member of the tribe whose worth is well appreciated and whose advice and counsel is listened to and, more often than not, accepted and acted upon by her husband. (39) Leacock then goes on to explain how each gender has â€Å"special labors† that allow them  to create equilibrium within their culture and relationships.   Polygamy does have two forms as well. There is polygyny which is when one  husband has several wives and polyandry where one wife has several husbands. In   each situation, the single gender individual is seen as the superior one and the multi  plespouses are below them. Although not everyone believes in polygamous practices,  Joseph mentions many advantages and disadvantages that come along with sharing  her husband with 8 other woman. She states, † It enables woman, who live in a society  full of obstacles, to fully meet their career, mothering and marriage obligations; it  provides a whole solution.† On the other side she says, â€Å"there is a longing of intimacy  and comfort that only he can provide† (A31). This proves that in any practice of  polygamy there are advantages as in having more freedom, but sometimes all of the  emotional, mental, sensual, etc. needs may not be met. My ideal relationship is probably very similar to other girls of my age. All I’ve ever  wanted is one faithful monogamous relationship in my lifetime. Everyone has a soul  mate and hopefully one day I will find mine and we can develop not only a relationship,  but also a friendship built on true love, trust and honesty. From that, we can raise  children in a loving, supportive, and healthy although somewhat discipline environment  while loving my spouse unconditionally and getting the same in return. An equalitarian  relationship would be ideal where both my husband and I pursue careers and have  equal say on housework and finances. Relationships have truly evolved over time. Christian beliefs have always  suppressed woman through marriage. We are shying away from ideas such as, â€Å"woman  should learn in quietness and full submission. [God] does not permit a woman to teach  or to have authority over a man; she must be silent† (Timothy 2.11). Thankfully now in  modern times, woman now have much more of a say in marriage and our society is  slowly accepting equalitarian type marriages. Monogamy and polygamy both offer  strengths and weaknesses within ones lifestyle, but one thing is for sure; no relationship is ever perfect.

Barriers Faced by Human Service Workers Essay

â€Å"Only a life lived for others is a life worthwhile. † – Albert Einstein Human service workers act as a liaison between clients in need and the agencies clients seek to obtain help from, and while human service workers strive to provide services in an adequate and timely manner this is not always possible. Human service workers are human therefore there can be a large margin of error. All human service agencies are subject to barriers that prevent perfect service from being rendered. While certain barriers do exist in the human service field improvements can be made that can lead to greater service. In today’s society technology is dominating the workforce causing former work methods to become obsolete. While technology is constantly changing the changes made are often for the better, allowing companies to thrive and overcome existing barriers once faced. Technology not only benefits â€Å"business† companies, but also greatly improves the barriers faced by human service workers. One potential barrier that human service agencies can face is falsification on company records. Falsification of records can prove fatal, especially in Child or Elder Protection cases. While falsification of records may not be the human service workers intention it can indeed be committed when time restraints prevent case workers from visiting their clients in a given time frame. In August 2006 lack of time and falsification of records proved fatal for 14 year old Danieal Kelley of Philadelphia, Pa. Danieal Kelley a then 14 year old cerebral palsy victim died from neglect at the hands of her own mother. The nightmare of forced starvation and infection that killed Danieal while under the protection of the city’s human service agency is documented in a 258 page grand jury report that charges nine people, her parents, four social workers, and three family friends- in her ghastly death† (CBS3,2008). In the case of Danieal Kelley â€Å"the department of Human Services received at least five reports of Danieal being mistreated between 2003 and 2005†(CBS3, 2008), and while social workers were assigned to Daniela’s case, none appeared to follow through. According to CBS3 news it’s suspected that after Danieal’s death Mickal Kamuvaka the company director of the agency in charge of Daniela’s case held a â€Å"forgery fest† in her office where she had employees â€Å"concoct almost a year’s worth of false progress reports†(CBS3, 2008). The fact that no one took time to protect Danieal sheds light on the terrible fact that â€Å"some† social workers falsify documents to protect themselves. In order to prevent future case like Danieal’s its imperative that a system be in place to prevent social workers from simply doctoring records when it’s convenient for them. A method that could be used to track the whereabouts of said social workers could be a G. P. S. Agencies could provide social workers who are required to make home visits with cell phones implanted with G. P. S. systems. The tracking system could be used while the social workers are on the clock to ensure that home visits are indeed being made within the required time frame. This tracking system could prevent workers from falsifying documentation because their whereabouts would be known ahead of time. An online G. P. S. racking system called World Tracker Web GPS (webgpstrack), which allows devices to be tracked through internet access. According to Mobile GPs online, â€Å"Web GPS Track is a self contained hardware and software package that allows a user to track his assets from anywhere through an internet connected PC† (Mobile GPs, 2008). The Web GPS Tracker works by using the world tracker and a SIM card from a local GSM wireless network carrier. Once the SIM card is inserted into a cell phone, GPS tracking can begin. One’s location can then be accessed by using platforms such as Google maps. This small device can be a very helpful tool in the human service field when it’s necessary to obtain truthful information about a workers true whereabouts. Web GPS Track can become expensive depending on the number of units needed for a given agency. The cost includes a onetime purchase fee of the World Tracker unit which is $350 each. An additional on time subscription fee of 99. 89 per unit is needed to activate the account. Additional fees include a monthly service fee of 19. 98 per unit, a onetime SIM card fee ranging between $25 and $ 50, and any SMS service fee charged by a local service provider. While the cost of GPS tracking can be expensive, it can prove beneficial when proper records are needed, and it may save an agency from facing a large lawsuit because of false documentation, it could also prevent another case of Danieal Kelley. Another potential barrier faced by human service agencies is Intellectual Property Theft. â€Å"Intellectual property is anything from names, images, symbols, and designs used in commerce, intellectual property is considered a valuable asset and most organizations have protected their intellectual property from infringement by others† (Hefter,1995). Intellectual property theft becomes possible when secure information is left unattended and within reach of possible culprits. Some ways that intellectual property may get out is through emails sent to incorrect recipients, when confidential information is left in common areas, or left laying on printers or scanners. Information can also be lost when employees speak on their cell phones in public areas. Intellectual property theft in the human service field can wreak havoc on clients. Personal information can fall into the wrong hands whether it in a domestic violence shelter or and employment shelter. While intellectual property theft is very serious solutions exist that can help combat Intellectual Property Theft. Aside from agencies limiting access to non business related websites to help prevent being hacked, a program called Symantec Data Loss Prevention which is used by leading technological companies can also be used as a safety measure. â€Å"Symantec Data Loss Prevention protects companies from malicious employee behavior, pirating, or accidental leaks that expose confidential information† (Symantec Security, 2008). Symantec Data Loss Prevention works by â€Å"1. Discovery; the software finds confidential data where ever it’s stored, creates an inventory of sensitive, and automatically manages data clean up. 2. Monitor; SDLP helps a company understand how confidential information is being used whether the user is on or off the cooperate network, and gain enterprise visibility. 3. Protect; SDLP helps companies gain visibility into policy violations to proactively secure data and preventing confidential data from leaving an organization.   4.  Manage; SDLP helps companies define universal policies across an enterprise, remediate and report incidents, and detect content accurately within one unified platform† (Symantec Security, 2008). A program offered by Symantec is Norton Internet Security which performs the necessary features above. The cost of the Norton software is fairly inexpensive costing 69. 99. This cost allows a computer to be fully protected for a year before needing to renew the software subscription. Norton is inexpensive software which will help rotect company files and serves as a valuable investment, whether in a corperate office or a human service agency. Another potential barrier faced by human service agencies is the loss of data. As technology becomes more prevalent in the workforce more records are being transferred from paper to computers. As with any form of technology the possibility of records being lost is very real if computers crash or other technological difficulties arise. The best way to protect data is to always backup files. A number of technological software exist that can do this. For agencies using windows, â€Å"The windows server backup software can be used to automatically and continuously backup a number of devices like NAS,CD/DVD, hard drive and tapes† (Computer Customizing, 2008). One form of windows backup software is Acronis True Image which creates a replica of the disk image of the windows server. According to Computer Customizing this backup software helps aid in server disaster recovery by creating backups on a number of media, SAN volumes, and NAS. This software also restores huge databases and all the individual files with instant bare metal restore (Computer Customizing, 2008). This software will help protect all important files preventing valuable files from being lost. Human service workers and human service agencies are bound to face barriers on any given day and while this is an unavoidable truth there are solutions that can allow for a faster paced, safer, and more ethical workplace. While the vast majority of services rendered by human service agencies are completed by hard working human beings, technology is paving the road for a more effective work environment as long as agencies properly utilize the technological tools that are becoming available at a lightning fast rate. Technology is the way of the future and needs to be embraced in order to keep up with the times and not get lost in an overflow of paperwork which distracts from the true purpose of a human service worker which is to be an advocate for those in need.

Behavioral Management in the Developmentally Disabled

This paper will dwell on the behavioral management for the developmentally challenged individual. This paper seeks to provide a general understanding on how the on how clients with developmental disabilities are improve with regard to their conditions.Therefore, the following will be discussed: †¢ The process of Occupational Therapist in modifying behavioral development of disabled person; †¢ Techniques employed to assist the developmentally challenged individual;†¢ Way used by the Occupational Therapist to help a disabled individual write; and †¢ Identify the techniques and tools used by the Occupational Therapist in behavioral management for developmentally challenged individual. Moreover, this paper will focus in two developmental disabilities that exist today in the society. More specifically these are autism and dyslexia. Functions of Occupational Therapist There are four functions of occupational therapists.First, they are ask to put into application the kno wledge, skills and abilities they have acquired in their years of training in the academe for the benefit of enabling people to live normal lives and immerse themselves with the daily tasks (â€Å"A Definition of Occupational Therapy,† n. d. ). Second, is to assist, maintain, regain and enhance the independence of an individual who is ill, injured, disabled and psychologically impaired (â€Å"A Definition of Occupational Therapy,† n. d. ).Third, engage the relatives of the client and other people who are connected such as the caregiver (â€Å"A Definition of Occupational Therapy,† n. d. ). This can be achieved through comprehensive assessment and therapy with the goal of increasing the capacity of client to participate in daily activities (â€Å"A Definition of Occupational Therapy,† n. d. ). Lastly, to accordingly deal with the problems of the client by focusing on three things: ability to accomplish, undertakings of the client and the environment where the undertakings are performed (â€Å"A Definition of Occupational Therapy,† n.d. ). Meaning of Autism Autism, also classified as classical Autism is considered as the most prevalent condition amongst the family of Autism Spectrum Disorder or better known as ASD (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NINDS], 2006). One can discern Autism through the following symptoms: a) â€Å"impaired social interaction,† b) â€Å"problems with verbal and nonverbal communication,† and c) â€Å"unusual, repetitive, or severely limited activities and interests† (NINDS, 2006).In addition to this, the cluster of Autism Spectrum Disorder or ASD includes other conditions. These are – a) â€Å"Asperger syndrome,† b) â€Å"Rett syndrome,† c) â€Å"childhood disintegrative disorder,† and d) â€Å"pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (usually referred to as PDD-NOS)† (NINDS, 2006). Statistics shows that in every 1000 children three to six will be affected by autism (NINDS, 2006) Furthermore, Men are four times more prone or at risk of acquiring such behavioral disorder like autism than women.(NINDS, 2006) Meaning of Dyslexia Dyslexia, pronounced as dis-lek-see-uh is a type of learning disorder that some of the children encounter that impairs their ability to read and spell (â€Å"Dyslexia,† n. d. ). What may seem C-A-T to normal people would appear A-C-T to dyslexic individuals. It is not a measure of whether a child is intelligent or not but is rather an impairment of the brain (â€Å"Dyslexia,† n. d. ). In fact, a number clever and gifted people are suffering from dyslexia (â€Å"Dyslexia,† n. d. ).In the United States, the condition is classified as a â€Å"specific learning disability† or as a â€Å"specific reading disability† by the related federal legal statutes that has special education in its scope (Allington, 2006) However, the main idea o f all these explanations comprises the indeterminable hardships encountered by a dyslexic individual when it comes to reading. Moreover, there is no consensus with regard to the definition of the illness that causes the stakeholders confusion that renders them not to use the term (Allington, 2006).Behavioral Management and Techniques in Autism There are three behavioral management and techniques used by the occupational Therapist in able to develop and assist their clients that are suffering from Autism. These are all aimed at a holistic approach to treating the symptoms and addressing the difficulties that come with it. The three techniques are discussed in the next section. Educational/behavioral interventions Occupational Therapists use well reliable and thorough skill-oriented exercises in able to help their client enhance their language and social capabilities.Counseling the relatives and the family of the their client is better a technique to assist the entire clan deal with t he specific obstacles and difficulties in taking care of the autistic client (NINDS, 2006). Medications Occupational therapist could as well seek for the help of a doctor. A medical doctor usually recommends an antidepressant prescription in able to deal with the symptoms of a) â€Å"anxiety,† b) â€Å"depression,† or â€Å"obsessive-compulsive disorder† (NINDS, 2006). In a sense, these Anti-psychotic medicines are helpful to lessen the burden brought about by the symptoms of behavioral disabilities (NINDS, 2006).Attacks, on the other hand, can be prevented with the administration of variety of doses anticonvulsant medicines (NINDS, 2006). Prescription of stimulant drug that is specifically given for the children suffering from the attention deficit disorder or better known as ADD is an effective technique used by the Occupational Therapists to cut down the incident impulsivity and hyperactivity (NINDS, 2006). Other therapies Controversies abound the therapies t hat are formulated to treat autistic children (NINDS, 2006).This has made the use such be attached with caution before these are adopted by the parents or guardians (NINDS, 2006). Furthermore, an insignificant number of these are backed up with thorough scientific research (NINDS, 2006). Writing for the developmentally disabled individual Therapeutic Sessions for autism With the aim of teaching the developmentally challenged person it is important to have focus and patience together with appropriate learning strategies that will help the disabled individual in writing and learning process.Likewise, it is necessary to conduct follow up sessions with the therapist and at home with the help of the parents and other relatives. Behavioral Management and Techniques in Dyslexia According to website article, a recent game was developed with the purpose of helping children and other individuals cope with the difficulty they suffer from reading (Briggs, 2001). In the study, a group of seven-y ear-old children served as the respondents of the study and this resulted to a positive outcome for the research on reading difficulties (Briggs, 2001).The game included activities that require the respondents to match certain shapes to particular sounds (Briggs, 2001). They are asked to press a space bar after a series of sequences and then they will be greeted with a smile (Briggs, 2001). This resulted in higher rates of accuracy and an increase in the speed of reading for the 24 children who are diagnosed to have dyslexia (Briggs, 2001). Conclusion The role of the occupational therapist is a four-fold task. This is aimed towards uplifting the condition of the client.It is the aim of the occupational therapist is to be able to address the needs of the client and the chance to fulfill their responsibilities. There are different ways by which the therapist could help the clients in making their lives better through these techniques. It has become a better way of making people live a fulfilling life. These are different techniques of writing such as video games. References A Definition of Occupational Therapy. (n. d. ). Retrieved July 5, 2008, from http://steinhardt. nyu. edu/ot/definitionAllington, R. (2006). â€Å"Dyslexia. † In Microsoft ® Student 2007 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation. Briggs, H. (2001). Computer game helps dyslexics. Retrieved July 05, 2008, from http://www. dyslexia-teacher. com/t113. html. Dyslexia. (n. d. ). Retrieved July 5, 2008, from http://kidshealth. org/kid/health_problems/learning_problem/dyslexia. html National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NINDS]. (2006). Autism Fact Sheet. Retrieved July 5, 2008, from http://www. ninds. nih. gov/disorders/autism/detail_autism. htm

Initiation of the KERP projects programme and the execution of the Movie Review

Initiation of the KERP projects programme and the execution of the First project by Kuwait oil company - Movie Review Example Kuwait Environmental Remediation Program (KERP) aims at dealing with the elimination of pollutants or impurities from environmental media resulting from the oil explosion. KERP seeks to ensure the realization of three key objectives. The first objective is to direct Kuwait National Focal Point (KNFP) in the accomplishment of the KERP. The second objective is to undertake remediation of damaged terrestrial resources by means such as fencing and patrolling of five designated areas. The third objective is to remedy areas damaged by oil leaks, oil contaminated piles, oil trenches, and oil spills. Military contributed to Kuwait’s environmental damages through a series of activities. The movement of vehicles and heavy weaponry damaged the delicate desert environment by affecting the plant cover that in turn affected the sensitive ecosystem. The physical esthetic value of the environment in turn was destroyed, and aridity started engulfing the lands of Kuwait. In 1994, Kuwait government submitted environmental claims that aimed at monitoring and realizing remediation mechanisms to restore and improve Kuwait’s ecological status. After studies on the same subject matter, in the period 2001 to 2007, Public Authorities for the Assessment of Compensation proposed remediation technologies to enable rehabilitation of the damaged environment. The steps are aimed at bringing recovery and restoration to the deteriorated environmental status in Kuwait. On August 2, 1990, the State of Kuwait sustained extensive environmental damages because of the Iraqi aggression against Kuwait and the 1991 Gulf War. The United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC) recognized the provision of reparations to affected countries, companies and individuals. In December 2005, the UNCC completed the appraisal of all claims for environmental damages in visualization of remediating environmental damages. The UNCC issued Decision 258

The just exercise of political power is conceived of as resting upon Essay

The just exercise of political power is conceived of as resting upon constitutional principles - Essay Example This should not be taken to mean that if a state has a constitution, it is necessarily committed to the idea of constitutionalism. In a very real sense, every state has a constitution, if by a constitution is meant, in the words of Lord Bryce, â€Å"the aggregate of the laws and customs through and under which the public life of a State goes on...† (Studies†¦ I 1901). In this sense, every state may be said to have a constitution. There is, however, a tradition in the history of political thought which describes a constitution in terms of a higher law which is an expression of the will of the people. In this view, the state is created by and is organized by the people in the writing and adoption of a constitution, and government derives its authority, institutions, and procedures from this constitution. That is why, Thomas Paine maintained that any government which violates the constitution exercises â€Å"power without right.† If the distinction between constitution and government is ignored, then, Paine argued, there being no check upon the will of the government, it follows that the state is a despotism. A true, written constitution, he held, was always antecedent to the actual government, for, in his words, â€Å"The constitution is not the act of its government, but of the people constituting a government† (Elster & Slagstad 1988). To understand the nature of constitutional principles better, one should pay attention to its origin: theoretical doctrines and its manifestations (Greek Democracy, Roman Republicanism and English Constitutionalism). Some conception of a higher law will be found throughout the history of Western political thought. Early examples of written constitutions include Solons constitution of Athens (594 BC) and Cleisthenes constitution, which reformed the constitution of ancient Athens and set it on a democratic footing in 508 BC. Aristotle (c. 350 BC) was also one of the first

Treatment of Unipolar Depression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Treatment of Unipolar Depression - Essay Example Overall, 5-HTP appeared to be slightly better tolerated than fluvoxamine, although the results did not reach the level of statistical significance. What personal interests and/or short or long term goals lie behind this - not strictly required for a proposal but it is usually helpful to think this through as it can help you focus [one paragraph] What aspect(s) of theory / knowledge is/are behind this What are the gaps in the research or what parallels are there in adjacent fields (ie a short literature review to set up the purpose and question) - 5-HTP has also been compared in a few studies with conventional tricyclic antidepressants (chloripramine and imipramine) - the most effective drugs for treating depression until the development of the SSRIs. The studies found 5-HTP to be at least as effective as these drugs in treating severe depression, while displaying fewer side effects. In severe cases, 5-HTP dosages as high as 1200 mg daily were used What objectives, steps, sub-questions, angles of inquiry or sections of your paper would you break your question or inquiry aim into - CCDANCTR-Studies was searched (carried out on 12/1/2005) using the following search stategy (Diagnosis = Depress* or Dysthymi* and Intervention = tryptophan or 5-htp or 5-hydroxtryptophan or Hydroxytryptophan and Intervention = Placebo). Reference lists, book chapters and conference proceedings were checked. Experts and triallists were contacted for unpublished studies Section B -Study design and method / methodology What type of study would help with your question and focus Please bold underline to identify It is OK to use "other" and briefly explain - but otherwise no explanation required here. You should read up on these if you don't know what they are, but we assume you know what the one you pick is) survey1 experiment evaluation trial case study reflective self-study academic paper2 other - please identify take advice Why / how will this design work with your question and focus - Trials were included if they were randomized, included patients with unipolar depression or dysthymia, compared preparations of 5-HTP or tryptophan with placebo, and included clinical outcomes assessed by scales assessing depressive symptoms take advice If you intend to use a particular methodology, briefly explain how it works and why you want to use it. - Eg - reflective self study, controlled trial, grounded theory, ethnography. This must be appropriate for the way you have worded your research question / inquiry. Please note that it is not essential that you have this for an undergraduate project. For an academic

How do the governments of the Communist East and the Capitalist West Essay

How do the governments of the Communist East and the Capitalist West perpetuate the Cold War - Essay Example Yet this perpetuation of the Cold War corresponds to the anticipation and autonomy to those subjugated in the East Germany and, on the other hand, the cruel existence of Communism to the Capitalist West. This particular transitional zone situates Alec Leamas, a spy of Britain coming up for the defection of one of his secret agents. The subjected man emerges over the border and seems to be set to make his 'run away' when, all of a sudden, he is chopped down in a bombardment of gunfires. Leamas is called again to London by his supervisor, Control (Cyril Cusack), anticipating him to be fired from his job. And then Control changes his mind to keep more Leamas in a Cold War. Though, Leamas is immediately started searching for a job and finally he got a tedious librarian job. With his only companion, whisky, for company, Leamas simmers in his own beliefs, buttressing the detestation not in favor of the British Secret Service. Nobody seems able to make a way into his shell (developed over the time when he was a secret agent) even though his associate librarian, Nan Perry, takes a predilection to him. Regrettably, Leamas beats up a storekeeper and finishes up in a lockup. Nan should like him nonetheless, and also the Leamas in return, since she congregates him on his liberation from jail. The interesting thing that took place is that, there is one more there to see his come back and he comes up to him in the park. Claiming to be from an aid organization which facilitates ex-convicts, Carlton (Robert Hardy) takes Leamas to a pricey lunch. This is completely gibberish for sure -- as a matter of fact it's an approach from the foe, inspecting a peeved previous secret agent and detecting if he'll defect. Leamas appears to undergo that he doesn't owe Britain anything and, rather grumpily, looks to believe (of course, by means of having the only purpose of wealth). After that Leamas circuitously moves towards Smiley's residence, for a get-together with Control. Everything turns out to be obvious Control sketches the plan, a deceitful and wicked endeavor to harm the reputation of the apex East German secret agent, Hans-Dieter Mundt. With eagerness, Leamas is rushed towards Holland for de-briefing by Fiedler, the second in power to Mundt. The bottom line of the arrangement is that Fiedler loathes Mundt and would wipe out him at all cost. By plummeting slight clues in his discussion with Fiedler, Leamas lets the spy to pencil in his own thoughts without so much delay - the unbelievable ability that Leamas has for spying and espionage, and his great understanding skills, embraces him in good stead as he intertwines a compelling story for Fiedler. Realizing the "certainty", Fiedler sent Leamas back to East Germany, where he looks forward to to overthrow Mundt in a closed trial and assessment. Leamas is an additional snag though since his persistence that Mundt couldn't have been a spy or espionage (he was leader of East German maneuvers and probably would have acknowledged). Fiedler still controls to induce an assessment however, completely influenced that Mundt is being disloyal to his State, and then the closed session starts on. It appears as though the court will rule alongside Mundt, ensuing in his carrying out, in anticipation of his defense representative presents an unforeseen and unanticipated

Bottled Water challenge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bottled Water challenge - Essay Example Compared to the traditional tap water, the cost of bottled water has remained relatively high and this has affected its acceptance in different parts of the society. The high cost of bottled water has been significantly felt by members of the low social class in the society whose income cannot enable them to use this category of water. Producers of bottled water have been accused of being at the forefront of environmental pollution and the entire supply chain of this commodity has been involved. First, bottled waters are packed in plastic bottles that are produced from polyethylene terephthalate polymer (Yaqub, Hamid, Haseeb, Akhtar & Akram, 2014). This toxic chemical is derived from the end phase of petroleum refining and has massive implications to the environment. In order to sustain the demand for bottled water, the plastic packaging bottles must be produced in enough quantities. This involves the involvement of big petrochemical companies such as ExxonMobil and BP whose activities have affected the environment is significant ways (Huerta-Saenz, Irigoyen, Benavides & Mendoza, 2012). Apart from the raw materials, the process of producing the bottles also require large amount of energy according to reports from the pacific institute. To package over 31 billion litres of bottled water demanded in the United States per year, a total of 17 million barrels of oil will be used and this will increase the level of greenhouse gas emission to the atmosphere. As compared to tap water that is transported through pipes sank underground, the transportation of bottled water require heavy vehicles, container ships and trucks. These not only consume significant volume of oil but also release gallons of exhaust gases into the atmosphere. Bottled water that is transported to other continents therefore affects the aquatic ecosystem and leads to an increase in marine deaths due to increase in pollution. Plastic bottles are non-biodegradable and thus affect the

Optimizing the condition of the PCR detecting of PTEN gene in DNA Research Paper - 1

Optimizing the condition of the PCR detecting of PTEN gene in DNA derived from human cell lines, associated with ageing and senescence - Research Paper Example Traditional PCR is used for amplifying DNA for sequencing, genotyping and cloning. However, this has a number of shortcomings namely; poor precision, low sensitivity, short, dynamic range of less than 2 logs, low resolution, is non-automated, based on discriminatory size only, results cannot be expressed as numbers, the staining agent ethdium bromide is not efficient at quantification and finally, post-PCR processing is required. This paper looks at the analysis of PTEN using traditional PCR method. The process was not successful despite the necessary steps being undertaken. PTEN primer, when used on a Hacat cell line, showed annealing at approximately 62 degrees. However, the use of PTEN with similar parameters that were later altered for optimization yielded no results. The methodology has been discussed, and the gel results showing synthesized images have been included in this report. The discussion that covers the PCR process and its effectiveness has also been included. The fidelity of the PCR process has been discussed to extrapolate on the possible reasons for the failure of this analysis. Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog gene commonly referred to as PTEN gene provides the necessary instructions for the synthesis of a protein that is present in almost all body tissues (Sulis, 2003). The protein is significant in its function as a tumor suppressor and aids in the regulation of cell division by inhibiting cells from diving and growing too fast or uncontrollably. PTEN is a phosphotase which modifies other fats and proteins through the removal of phosphate groups comprising of one phosphorus atom and three oxygen atoms (Cohen 1990). There are a number of medical conditions that are linked to PTEN gene mutation including : Cowden Syndrome and Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome(Weary et al, 1972; Cohen 1990) which are often termed together as the PTEN hematoma tumor syndrome. The gene mutations that are responsible for these conditions are found in body

Company Profile of Siemens Essay Example for Free

Company Profile of Siemens Essay Siemens is a German multinational conglomerate company headquartered in Munich, Germany. It is the largest Europe-based electronics and electrical engineering company. [1] Siemens is organised into six main divisions: Industry, Energy, Healthcare, Equity Investments, Siemens IT Solutions Services and Siemens Financial Services. Human Resources Perspective : Siemens 3i Program The human resources perspective combines prescriptions for design of job tasks with theories of motivation. Siemens humanistic perspective on management is reflected on its 3i program, which applies Theory Y assumptions to tap into employee creativity and mind power. The 3i Program(ideas, impulses, initiatives) encourages ideas and suggestions from employees and rewards these initiatives. There are direct and indirect ways for improvement suggestions. Employees can either contact supervisor directly to voice their ideas (direct) or submit their suggestions to the 3i office, who will step in to find the responsible department(indirect). Employees will be rewarded if their improvement suggestions are adopted. Siemens has a huge number of motivated employees and thus enormous creative potential on ideas for improving work surroundings, optimizing processes, saving money or enhancing competitiveness. Today 100,000 3i suggestions a year are put into practice-at Siemens AG in Germany alone. [3] This Theory Y approach enables the company be rewarded by premiums totaling â‚ ¬300 million. Impact of Social Forces : Training in Siemens  Social forces refer to those aspects of a culture that guide and influence relationships among people. One social force is the changing attitudes, ideas and values of Generation Y employees, who want a work environment with access to opportunities to learn and further their careers and personal goals. [4] In response to the social force of Gen Y workers, Siemens provides development programs teaching new skills or extending the skills employees already have. There are On-the-job training and Off-the job training. On-the-job training is conducted at the place of work through mentoring, shadowing, coaching, job rotation. Off-the job training takes place away from workplace through courses, presentations and qualifications. For entry level employees, Siemens has three main development programmes: apprenticeships, Siemens Commercial Academy and Siemens Graduate Programmes. These programs develop employees with the essential skills set they need in their everyday role and equip them for a long-term career at Siemens. By improving the development opportunities, employees feel the company values them. The motivation theories of Herzberg and Maslow show that staff work better when valued. This delivers long-term commitment and ensures benefits to the company. Knowledge Management Model : ICN/ICM ShareNet Siemens Information and Communication Networks(ICN)ShareNet is a community of around 18,000 sales, marketing, business and R D people of Siemens ICN and ICM. ShareNet networks these experts globally and lets them share and develop their knowledge in order to create better customer solutions. 5]It focuses on enabling employees to transfer their tacit knowledge into explicit information. Whats more, ShareNet is independent of time zones and organizational structures, so urgent questions are generally answered within a few hours. ShareNet provides real life experience thus saves precious time in all phases of the value creation process. In addition to time, ShareNet saves consulting fees for Siemens, because the knowledge and analyses of external consultants reports are made available on a global scale whenever possible.

Madame Tussauds Tourism Analysis

Madame Tussauds Tourism Analysis Leisure and recreation are as old as human beings and were present in the lives of our Stone Age ancestors. Man is always busy in work for its survival but there is a growing desire to get a good work balance with leisure time. With the blessing of latest technology we are in the era that has variety of leisure attractions to relax. Madame Tussauds situated in London is among the most popular leisure attraction. It is a museum of different kind that entertain its visitors with wax models of their choice from history and from present which they have ever dreamt to meet. In this piece of work I have discussed the history of the museum and its establishment in London including its unique characteristics. The possible key challenges faced by the attraction in coming future and the ways to combat these challenges by giving proposed management including range of aspects Different ways of managing visitors because customer satisfaction is the key point in business. Various ways of targeting market specially by using SWOT Analysis. Making market strategy after analysing customers demands. Making human resource department more effective to fulfil the wishes of consumers DEFINITION OF LEISURE: Different authors and researchers define leisure; some of the definitions for the Leisure are as follow: Time that an individual sets aside for activities, such as sleeping (Collins 1997) From Leisure and Tourism, Barker, By Collins 1997 Time that is free from work, when you can do what you like (Oxford Dictionary Press) A From Concise Oxford School Dictionary, By Oxford University Press Leisure is the opportunity available to an individual after completing the immediate necessities of life, when he or she has the freedom to choose and engage in an experience that is expected to be personally satisfying From Edexcel Leisure and Recreation Course Specification The term leisure is an ever changing concept that reflects the current social and economic conditions and aspirations, adapting in response to consumer demand and expectations The idea of leisure being described as a state of mind originated with Aristotle. He believed that leisure was a form of self-indulgence and self-improvement. Leisure is seen as a mans greatest possession because it is essential for self development. It forces us to step back from the constant pressures of daily life in order for us to see what really important (Aristotle internet website). IMPORTANCE OF LEISURE: Each person has their own opinion of what leisure means to them and there is no set definition of the word as it covers a wide range of things. leisure time and how it is spent is an individuals choice and the way in which they spend it whether it be home based, active or passive. As long as the individual gets satisfaction from this leisure time then it has been used to its potential. Leisure is important because everyone needs a little bit of relaxation in their life. Having leisure helps a person relieve stress, have time to themselves, and just to recharge their body and mind. Leisure is very important for ones mental and physical health. It provides an opportunity to spend time as you want away from regular work stress with family and friends. It is very important for an individual to take time out for itself as it bring about a positive flow of energy in an individual. Leisure as a function has changed enormously over the last 100 years. With the arrival of new technology some forms of leisure have increased their range of activities hugely. 100 years ago art was considered to be drama, stage shows, architecture and so on. Now it include many different forms. Broadcasting, Film Production and Video were all aspects of the Art Council that received funding in the last year. These have only been considered arts in the last century. The Government, private companies and investors have also discovered the commercial side of leisure. From this information it can be concluded that over the last 100 years leisure has evolved from something that is the opposite of work to something that is vital in our everyday lives. Madame tussauds is among the popular leisure attraction of the present time, it is standing at its place from last 200 years but getting more popular with time for the kind of unique entertainment it is providing to its visitors. Celebrities wax images draw visitors towards itself. IT is a kind of place which has all kind of attraction in it from past to present both for history lovers and for modern young youth. It helps to make visitors dreams come true when they want to touch or meet the personality they like ,which otherwise my not be possible for them because either it has become history or is very big celebrity of modern time ,whom one cant meet. Is it real or is it wax? Sometimes its hard to tell the difference when youre at Madame Tussauds Wax Museum . This unique museum of its own kind has entertained about 500 million visitors since it first opened. The Target Market for Madame Tussauds is to attract all types of consumers, from all social classes. As well as Domestic and O verseas visitors. According to Pamela Pilbeam, there may be a simple reason for the enduring popularity of Madame Tussauds: There is nothing so fascinating for a human being as others of the species. Since the arrival of the waxworks in London in the 1830s, visitors have had the opportunity to gawk at, rub shoulders with and even touch some of the most famous and infamous others royalty and revolutionaries, murderers and media stars. London is a cosmopolitan city having people all around the world with different cultures. The management of Madame tussauds when targeting marketing has taken advantage of this feature of the city and has kept different types of wax sculptures which visitors want to see for example to attract Asian visitors there are various political, sports, and entertainment figures in the museum. According to the student pack of Madame Tussauds, it identifies their Current Market as Demographics Segmentation according to social class. Kotler (1994) believes marketing a product/service, includes potential customers for using this specific product/service. Therefore, organisations will effectively market their product/service according to the Segment of market. This has been known as Target Market. Additionally to Lancaster Reynololds (1999), indicate that, in order to acquire target segment, the organisations has to break down the amount of the total market into different sub-groups / segments, according to their needs and wants, in-order to make the product/service attract consumers within that market segment. Madame Tussauds used segmentation and target marketing, because it provides many returns to their organisation, such as: It allows the exhibition to identify their customer groups with different requirements and wants The exhibition objective can be achieved easily. For example; profit maximisation and long term growth When there are market gaps in a market, it is assessed and then satisfied, this can be done by using unique product / promotional offerings By handling marketing mix, in order for competence recognise the target needs. This will lead to an increase customers satisfactioN HISTORY: The holy Roman Emperor the doges of venices ,the dukes of burnswick and other rulers met the same end.A full size wax model of Henry 111 of England was made for his funeral in 1272.The custom grew for models to be kept after the funeral service at the relevant Royal tomb in West minister. In the seventeenth century it became common for wax models to be included in funeral processions of notable non -royal citizens. Marie Grosholtz the future Madam Tussauds (1761-1850) was trained by Curtius and she worked as his assistant. Madam Tussaud was born in Strasbourg on Dec,1761,her father Joseph Grosholtz who fought as a soldier for seven years at war died before her birth.After Maries birth her mother got a job as house keeper at Dr.Phillip Cutius house in Berne.Mr . Curtius was a skilled physician who takes help of wax models while demonstrating anatomy.Marie was always treated warmly by Curtius, who transferred his great art of wax modelling to Marie.Marie was always greatful and reffered him as his uncle. In 1765 ,Curtius moved to Paris followed by Ann and Marie, where he was able to organise his first exhibition of wax models in 1770 and by 1776 due to the fame of exhibition,it moved to Royal palace.During this time Marie was in the tutionage of Curtius and started modelling her own wax works. Her first wax figure was of Francois Volatire and then she made models of Benjamin Franklin and Jean Jacques.After the fame of her work she was appointed as a art tutor for Elizabeth ,king Louis XVIS sister. It was the time when France saw its revolution and Marie Tussauds was imprisoned and was forced to make death masks of the aristocrats as to show her allegiance to feudal nobles. During French revolution she modelled many prominent victms of the revolution. After the death of Mr .curtius in 1794,Marie inherited his vast collection of wax models.In 1800 Marie got married to Francois Tussauds,who was an engineer.She had two sons Joseph and Francois.To flourish her business,Marie decided to took her wax work on exhibition.Along with Joseph she brought her exhibition to London and Ireland which included wax models and death masks. That tour lasted for about 33 years.Finally Madam Tussauds decided to settle on Baker Street in London. Visitors paid six pence so that they can get a chance to meet famous names of the day. The Most important characterstic of the gallery was The Chamber of Horrors which exhibits wax models of the people victimised during French Revolution and some newly created models of other murderers and criminals. With time wax models of different prominent personalities were added to the museum.The museum in the beginning had 400 different wax models. Some of the models of the exhibition were damaged twice firstly by fire in 1925 and secondly by the bombardment of German army. Madam Du Barry is the oldest wax model of the museum. In the year 1842 Madam Tussaud added her own model which has been displayed at the entrance of the museum. Madam died on 15th April 1856. Bridge kate in her book A Life In A Wax praises Madam Tussauds as Cultural Innovator .The architect behind the first and fore most enduring world wide branch to be identified simply by reference to its founders name. BRANCHES Millions of people visit Madam Tussauds every year but it is still popular as it was ever.It has now become one the most popular visitor attraction in London. Due to its popularity it branches has been and will be expanded to other parts of the world. Its branches are opened in Hong Kong, New york, Las vegas ,Berlin, Shanghai, Washington DC and Amsterdam for the tourists, they also contain the wax models of prominent figures in them. DIFFERENT ATTRACTIONS IN THE MADAM TUSSAUDS Party Room Figures such as Samuel L Jackson, Morgan Freeman, Leo DiCaprio, Nicole Kidman David and Victoria Beckham and Robert Pattinson are kept here. It is designed to feel like you have stepped into a celebrity party, with wax figures dotted around the room. High School Musical Hannah Montana Launched in 2008, this room has a figure of Zac Efron as the character of Troy Bolton from the High School Musical franchise. This zone also includes Miley Cyruss wax figure. There is also a karaoke facility, in which a person can sing Mileys songs. Movie Room (Premiere night) Hollywood famous figures live here including Steven Spielberg, Jim Carrey and Audrey Hepburn,Brad Pitt,Angelina Jollie,Jim Carry,Nicole Kidman and many more.Bollywood stars who are modelled are Salman Khan,Amitabh Bachan and Aishwarya rai. Besides there is Shrek, Spiderman, along with the smallest figure ever made of Tinker Bellabout five and a half inches in length Sports Zone It is another exciting zone for sports lovers specially for those who want to see their sports icons face to face. It has wax models of Mohammed Ali.One can also get a chance to ride bike with Lance Armstrong.Wax model of David Bekham and many other famous players are added there to increase the excitement. The Royalty In the Royals visitors get a chance to stand next to Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Charles, Prince of Wales, Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, Prince William of Wales and Prince Henry of Wales. Cultural Figures This area has numerous cultural personalities including Albert Einstein, Stephen Hawking, Pablo Picasso and Charles Darwin. Stars From The Music Industry Music icons include Beyonce, Jennifer Lopez, Madonna, Britney Spears, Leona Lewis, Kylie Minogue, Amy Winehouse, Tom Jones, Bob Marley, Justin Timberlake and Freddie Mercury. The Beatles in this area appear on the album cover of Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band. Leaders From The World of Politics Here visitors can get a chance to meet Barak Obama, Margaret Thatcher, Winston Churchill, Nicolas Sarkozy, Ronald Reagan, Tony Blair, Benazir Bhutto, Martin Luther King, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk and Gandhi, the controversial figures of Hitler ,Sadam husein and Robert Mugabe. Chamber of Horrors and Scream This attraction is not suitable for pregnant women and children under 12 years of age. contains the models of killers and criminals from the time of French Revolution .It also contains the death masks made by Madam Tussauds. Area Showing the Secenes and History of Madame Tussauds This area shows the history of exhibition. How was a wax modle made by Madam Tussaud. London ride Here visitors sit in taxi rides and are taken through the history of London which starts from Tudor and ends at 1980s. Top of Form Bottom of Form Warhols Women It has models of Andy Warhol Marilyn Monroe in the classic pose where her skirt is blown upward, Liza Minnelli, Judy Garland, Jerry Hall and Jackie O. Top of Form Bottom of Form KEY CHALLENGES TO BE FACED BY THE EXHIBITION Swar brooke(2002) states without visitor attractions there would be no need for other tourism services and tourism as such would not exist without them. Different attractions provide their customers with services that are available with in the attraction for example some give their visitors a day out, others give educational services, some give their customers ancillary operations but Madme tussauds is one that entertain its visitors with combination of all above mentioned services due to which it is important that this work is put into place to deal with consumers content health and safety and to make sure of their repeat visits. To maintain this standard of excellence the tussauds organisation may possibly face some challenges in future specially in the following: Marketing and competition Customer care Human resource management SWOT ANALYSIS: This can be used in order for the organisation to achieve their objectives. This procedure is an effective method of identifying businesses Strengths and Weaknesses, and to examine the Opportunities and Threats they face. Often carrying out an analysis using the SWOT framework that will be enough to reveal changes, which can be usefully made. Swift (2000) According to Hannagan (1992) he defined SWOT analysis as: A SWOT analysis helps to focus attention on the key areas in an organisation that need to be taken into account in producing a marketing planà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. A SWOT analysis is a summary of the marketing audit. It highlights internal differential strengths and weaknesses form the customers point of view as they relate to external opportunities and threats. SWOT are mainly consists of the two factors that are internal and external in which Strengths and weaknesses are internal while opportunities and threats are from external competitors and environment. Madame Tussauds attraction is the main factor and strength which makes their position stronger than other competitors. By using SWOT analysis business can make future prediction and make possible changes in order to grow and compete in the future. MARKETING AND COMPETITION : In todays world of business and economics markets have become very competitive therefore understanding consumer is no longer enough .Organisations must start giving attention to their competitors , if want to have share in the market. (kotler 2003). As it is stated before, Madame Tussauds it is a large organisation within the travel and tourism industry, therefore it face high standard of challenger not only in London but all around UK,which can become stronger in the future. that is why more effective marketing is required to survive in the competition However, it uses circulation channel for more knowledge of their product national and international. They mainly deliver the awareness of their product/service through the Internet, as it is global. However, other sources of promoting and awareness of their product is mainly done through Media, in the form of posters at tube stations and bus sides which is mainly and to communicate the brand to a wider audience, public relations, portraits, business development and Banqueting Co-operate Entertaining, The prime objective of the organisation is to stay London top paying attraction, therefore a marketing strategy should be in terms of its target, current and potential market study and their process of promotion in order to attract their product to their customer by distribution. However, the aim of promotional planning in the long run is not just to inform, but to promote customers to purchase products/services or, to adopt ideas. Therefore, effective promotion is usually attained by well researched for tracking sales levels and attitude patterns toward consumers needs, this means objective must link to the target aimed. This can be achieved by updating, convincing and highlighting the organisation current and potential target market. CUSTOMER CARE: Ensuring that customers are provided with quality services every time is a key in organisational success. Like other tourist attractions Madame tussauds may also face the challenge of delivering quality customer care. The organisation should note that words of mouths from satisfied customers is a free advertising and improved reputation and above all an increased revenue. Tussauds organisation should maintain a high standard of customer care training with in the exhibition to achieve goals like Increase sales Gain a competitive advantage Maintain consumer loyalty Attract new consumers Gain customer satisfaction Enhance the visitor attraction image For achieving high standard of customer care the organisation must improve Their queuing process in term of not making consumer to wait for a long period to enter the exhibition Signs around the exhibition for direction (such as direction for facilities for disabilities segment) Having more staff speaking different languages Having effective management that can handle crowd HUMAN RESOURCES Human resource management can also be a challenge as selection and recruitment costs will be much more due to the high presence of staff at visitor attractions. Competition in the service sector offering permanent employment can detract suitable applicants from applying for positions within visitor attractions. With the high staff turnover consistency will be difficult to maintain within visitor attractions, which inevitably will have a negative effect on the quality of service delivered to customers. This is due to the fact that to be able to deliver quality services to consumers requires skilled and well-trained employees. As many employees of visitor attractions are employed on short-term contracts, operators may be less willing to invest in training and development for seasonal staff. In Scotland the Association of Scottish Visitor Attractions encourages its members to invest in training and development for all staff, whether full or part time, seasonal or permanent. Many operato rs of attractions dislike spending money on training and development for seasonal employees as there is the possibility of the employees not returning the following year. Operators are being encouraged to invest in training and development as this has proven to lead to a stronger more motivated workforce. If employees are enable and empowered to deliver a quality service, employee turnover should reduce, and employees affected by seasonality would be easier retained for the next season to come. They mainly deliver the awareness of their product/service through the Internet, as it is global. However, other sources of promoting and awareness of their product is mainly done through Media, in the form of posters at tube stations and bus sides which is mainly and to communicate the brand to a wider audience, public relations, portraits, business development and Banqueting Co-operate Entertaining, The prime objective of the organisation is to stay London top paying attraction, therefore a marketing strategy should be in terms of its target,current and potential market study and their process of promotion in order to attract their product to their customer by distribution. However, the aim of promotional planning in the long run is not just to inform, but to promote customers to purchase products/services or, to adopt ideas. Therefore, effective promotion is usually attained by well researched for tracking sales levels and attitude patterns toward consumers needs, this means objective must link to the target aimed. This can be achieved by updating, convincing and highlighting the organisation current and potential target market. At the same time one of their target is to carry out a promotional action plan to target market, attract all types of consumers both domestic and overseas CONCLUSION: Operators in todays business environment face many challenges as we have seen in bring quality services to visitors of their attractions. By putting in place suitable measures and processes, and ensuring their employees are capable of knowledge about efficient customer care training, confidence and motivations in which to perform at their best, operators can gain an competitive edge in their market, and deliver customer satisfaction each an Kotler, P., Marketing Management, Prentice Hall International, United States of America, 1994 Hannagan, T. J., Marketing for the non-profit sector, Macmillan, Great Britain, 1992Swift, I., Marketing, Hodder and Stoughton, Great Britain 2000,Swarbrooke J, The Development and Management of Visitor Attractions, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002 Berridge Kate A life in a wax Pamela Pilbean The History of Wax work by Pamela Pilbean 2003,,, From Leisure and Tourism, Barker, By Collins 1997, Lancaster, G. and Reynolds, P, Introduction to Marketing, Kogan Page, Great Britain by Biddles Ltd, 1999,(Oxford Dictionary Press) A From Concise Oxford School Dictionary, By Oxford University Press

Comprehensive perspective of radical feminism

Comprehensive perspective of radical feminism In Rosemarie Putnam Tongs book, Feminist Thought: A More Comprehensive Introduction, she describes the perspective of radical feminism. By splitting radical feminism into two different parts, the radical-libertarian feminists and the radical-cultural feminists, Tong shows how two parties that have the same basic theory and goal can have significant differences. In the beginning of the chapter, Tong points out that a feminist must insist the sex/gender system is the fundamental cause of womens oppression (Tong, p. 46). This differs from the liberal view of feminism because the radical feminists want an entirely new system opposed to working with the system for change. Tong illustrates two very different methods for achieving a solution to womens oppression, the radical-libertarian and the radical-cultural feminists. The radical-libertarian feminists oppose the concept of femininity and all things including reproductive, mothering and sexual roles. They believed in an androgynous society which combines both masculine and feminine characteristics exemplified by society. This expressed radical feminists original desire to transcend the limits of the sex/gender system by daring women to be masculine as well as feminine (Tong, p. 47). The radical-cultural feminists differs from radical-libertarian because it rejects masculinity and encourages women to be more like women and emphasizes the values and virtues associated with women (Tong, p. 47). Both methods have conflicting ideas about sex, reproduction, and mothering. The radical-libertarians believe in all forms of sexual expression and freedom as long as pleasure is achieved for both parties. Any form of sexual restriction is looked at as cruel (Tong, p. 62). Pornography is looked at as a way to control sexuality (p. 68). On the other hand, the radical-cultural feminists see male sexuality as flawed (Tong, p.62). When looking at reproduction and mothering, radical-libertarian feminists look at reproduction as a weakness. They are also against biological motherhood and prefer reproduction to be done artificially. Radical-cultural feminists see reproduction as a womans source of power, hence men always trying to control it. The best choice is for women to be mothers on their own terms (Tong, p. 80-81). Planned Parenthood founder, Margaret Sanger was one of the cornerstone representatives of radical feminist movement of the twentieth century. In her book, Woman and the New Race, Sanger discusses birth control and womens rights to her own body. As she states clearly in the beginning of the section, no woman can call herself free who does not own and control her body. No woman can call herself free until she can choose consciously whether she will or will not be a mother (Sanger, 138). Sanger compares both man and woman and the effects of pregnancy on both of them. Though men do suffer from the consequences of the situation, Sanger feels women suffer much more. The woman is the one who has to face the physical difficulty of bearing and rearing the unwanted children (Sanger, p. 139). Like many liberal feminists, Sanger touches on the fact that a change needs to be made. Unlike other feminists though, Sanger took action. Regardless of what is right, the fact is that women will never gain freedom until women take it for themselves. Women should not accept but challenge as pointed out by Sanger. Instead of looking into the past like most of society would, look at what should be. Before it is a mans problem, it is a women and she should therefore be able to decide for herself (Sanger, p. 139). Birth control is womans problem. The quicker she accepts it as hers alone, the quicker will society respect motherhood (Sanger, p. 139). Sanger brings up an important fact about motherhood. No one can enjoy something they never really wanted in the first place. By giving women the right to choose, society is making it more likely for woman to be satisfied and enjoy motherhood. By just giving woman the choice is a satisfying enough step for Sanger. This relates to radical feminism in that as Tong stated earlier, Sanger wanted a completely new system of womens right to her own body rather than just fixing what society saw as acceptable (Sanger, p.139). Kate Milletts Theory of Sexual Politics relates to radical feminism by showing how thoroughly culture and society are dominated by men. The central thesis to this theory of sexual politics is that when one group rules another, the relationship between the two is political. When this is carried out over a long period of time it develops into a belief. She defined sex as a status category that contained political implications. Such areas in society like the military, industry, technology, universities, science, political office, finance, and police force are all powered by males (Millett, p. 219). Politics equals power and according to Millet, males dominate female and elder males dominate younger (Millett, p. 220). Millet also touches point on democracies, aristocracy, and patriarchy. In a democracy, females have not held office except in small areas. This differs from an aristocracy in that women are permitted to hold power and the elder male rule is not present either. In a patriarchy, men hold power over women, children, and most areas of society (Millett, p. 220). Milletts beliefs of sexual politics can be related to Tongs original theory of radical feminism. Millet wished to destroy the sex/gender system and create a new society where men and women are equal throughout society. Millett also believed in the idea of androgyny and that it was only valid if feminine and masculine qualities are worthy enough separately (Tong, p. 51). This androgynous person must combine the balance of the best masculine and feminine characteristics (Tong, p.53). Tong ends chapter two with a critique of radical feminism. This theory of women is shown to be fascinated by roles and stereotypes that ignore the flaws of women. It is also described as being a historical by social feminists. Radical Feminism is the root to womens oppression. Women realize their strength and power and want society to acknowledge that. Women are given few choices in a male dominated society. Sanger and Millett focus on the lack of choices when dealing with birth control and political power. Both want a change and an entirely new system.

Defining Grace :: Definition Grace Essays

Defining Grace The Dictionary of the Accademia della Crusca, dating from 16th century Italy, defines grace as "belleza... che rapisce altrui ad amore." Grace is beauty which seduces one unto love. Grace is the prayer before nourishment, it is the passing of power through blood, it is a classical muse, it is a verb, it is liberation, it is a head-ransom, it is a gazelle, it is simplicity, it is complexity, it is sanctifying, it is controversial, it is desired, it is metrical, it is ubiquitous, it is rare, it is actual. "Grace is in all, yet beyond all," quotes a medieval anchoress. According to Castiglione, grace springs from "that virtue opposite to affectation," as an unconscious extension of a certain je ne sais quoi within the soul. Grace is the nature of language, of number, of beat, of silence. Grace is pervasively elusive. Grace is fueled by its own roots in the Greek charis, with its shadows of liberality and courtesy forwarded to Latin rhetoric, as the tripartite gratia, functioning as attractiveness, favour, and gratitude. The word flushed the face of Europe in its own blushing migration from tongue to tongue, from Italian gratia to Portuguese graà §a to Spanish gracia to French grà ¢ce. Gliding from thought to pen to heritage, grace seeped over the Channel into Chaucer's father's smalltalk and a pair of listening ears waxed attentive. The patients of his Doctor's Tale questioned, "Goode fader shal I dye? Is ther no grace? is ther no remedye?" Grace is the ripping of change through the fabric of time, loosing the weave to weft in bright, unwashed strands of witty innovation. "Is not great grace to helpe him over past, Or free his feet that in the myre sticke fast?" beats the iambic pentameter of the Spenserian stanza in the Faerie Queene. Is it not grace that proved the continuance of its own exis tence, a linguistic parallel intertwining with the branches of biologic generations to produce the graciousness of freedom in both the fruits of the opposable thumb and the serpent's apple? A rugged, mottled bark of genealogy stretches gracefully into the blue sky of infinity. Grace, the present of the future, the gift of tomorrow, the cornerstone of the past, vaults us forward into the lives of our progeny and the evolution of our species. Born from the randomly graced confluence of organic chemicals in small pockets of lipid bilayers, life sparked and sputtered.

Summary of The Lesson Essay -- The Lesson Literature Essays

Summary of The Lesson In this story the author tells us about a girl named Sylvia, the narrator, who lives in a very low income family. A place where school is not a priority. A place where it is more important to be strong and hard, than to read a book. This was the thought anyway, before Miss. Moore moved in. She was a school teacher who took it upon herself to teach the neighborhood kids. On one summer afternoon in particular she was going to take the kids into town on a field trip. The kids are not at all happy about this because they know it is summer break and they are not supposed to be in school in the summer. They would rather be at the pool playin’, but Miss. Moore knows that if these kids want a chance at a better life, then she better show them what is out there. The story leads to the bus ride where Miss. Moore gives money to Sylvia to give the driver a tip. Sylvia can not figure the tip, so she keeps the money thinking that she really showed Miss. Moore. She did not even admit to herself that the real reason she did not leave the tip was because she did ...

Critical Analysis: Public Corruption

Corruption is a problem dealing with economic and social structure of a nation across the globe. Corruption in politics is a public sector phenomenon and is nonetheless one of the central issues facing many nations in modern times. Dealing with both legal and ethical considerations, there are instances that the office or duties are being betrayed in exchange of selfish benefits. Throughout history, failure of the remedies applied to it largely impacted the socio-economic development of the nation. It is good to analyze what motivates corruption, how its different varieties are perceived, what does it serve and what can be done to minimize or even eradicate this. Attitudes towards position and obligations remained to be the prime factors that motivate public personnel to be do corrupt actions. In high level and low level of corruption, the use of public office whether it is a high official or a clerk were initiated with the use of authority giving favors due to self interests that need to be met. For example, alliance in politics servicing an electoral candidate’s campaign if perceived as a power of assuring victory in the electoral process will result not just to gratitude but to a subtle obligation for paying back in terms of influential favors since being a candidate in election required allotment of non profitable amount of money. This can also be applied with clerks who have the ability to give favor in exchange of bribes. This is possible when we consider the low compensation of government employees that in order to survive, or earn more money, they will choose to accept the bribe (U Myint. 2000. p. 40-41) We can have in mind that hard times and great stress will make corrupt people. As we can notice with the way situations are determining the attitude of an individual, we can say that corruption is a form merely not of political choice but of economic choice and if we are talking about economic variables, we should not forget that market will always play its role and price is which will matter most in dealing with it. It remained one of the highly considered points of view in analyzing corrupt acts, but this economic perception applied in high level of corruption revealed that it is incomplete and has discrepancies for there are actual motives beyond such as the immeasurable power of discipline. With the extent of corruption’s effects in the society and with its length of stay in the history of policy making, there can be notions that corruption is becoming part of the culture or that corruption is a culture itself. But any act and practices suggesting lame authority has no space in an ideal society thus making them nuisance and should be acted to totally remove them in the social system. The attitude towards the use of authority apparently needs to be addressed in post conventional manner to keep it on track of servicing solely the public interests. All collective actions done by people in the social group defined and established the culture and if a portion of culture is no longer servicing its functions there should be a way that it can be destroyed and make changes to adopt in better situations. Political planning must address the issue with high authoritative will paired with the sensitivity with the root causes of it.

Benihana vs Broadway Pizza

Characteristics and Issues| Benihana of Tokyo| Broadway Pizza| Conflicts & Lessons| Competitive Advantage| * Low cost (competitor) * Labor cost * Strategic Marketing * Low waste * Lower overhead| * Use of technology * Family oriented| Rocky Aoki was able to keep labor, food, beverage and facility costs lower than traditional restaurant design using hibachi grills, a new service innovation. This service innovation however, did require higher marketing costs, as the American public had never experienced this dining model.Broadway Pizza viewed their competitive advantage as their ability to combine family oriented robot entertainment and dining under one roof. This turned out not be a competitive advantage as the breakeven costs was too high. | Order Qualifier/ Winners| * Food prepared in front of customer * Community dinning * Cooking was entertainment | * Quality food * Child focused atmosphere * Interactive * Multiple dining locations| The order winners for Benihana are their communi ty dining style, chefs cooking in front of and providing entertainment to patrons.This showed that enjoy eating and being entertained at the same time. This same idea of being entertained while eating defined Broadway Pizza’s order winners as their family focused robotic entertainment drew in patrons. | Competitive Priorities| * Innovative * Cost * Time * Quality (chefs)| * Innovative * Flexibility * Quality * Cost| The competitive priorities for Benihana were to increase efficiency in the traditional restaurant model by using innovation to cut costs i. e.Hibachi and Umbrella drinks and using highly trained skilled labor to ensure customer service. Broadway Pizza also placed competitive priority on innovation by adding robotic entertainment to a family restaurant, however the lesson to be learned is that Broadway pizza innovated for the sake of innovation there was no benefit to the shareholders. Benihana innovated as a cost saving mechanism and increased profits. | Operation s Strategy| * Limited menu * Skilled labor & management * System and service exec. Max utilization * Food prep| * Bring families together * Family menu * Inexpensive entertainment * Variety of entertainment| Benihana operations strategy decreased costs and allowed for maximization of resources while Broadway pizza strategy was to entertain people with a lack of focus on cost metrics. | Mission| * To provide ding and quality entertainment while reducing costs| * Combining robotic entertainment and food service under one roof| The main difference between Benihana and Broadway pizza is the focus on cost.Both wanted to provide a combined dining and entertainment service| Location| * Urban * Metropolitan| * Areas with high and dense family populations| Benihana’s locations were well thought out and planned in large cities with densely populated areas. Building Benihana’s in large cities allowed the staff to assimilate with American’s- and therefore helped with the ap peal and recruiting of Japanese staff. Broadway Pizza did not have a plan for choosing its’ locations, other than driving around and looking for vacated space in family neighborhoods.This led to a much smaller market segment per store. | Service Scape| * Authentic Japanese experience * Novelty Dining * Relaxed atmosphere (umbrella drink)| * Parents enjoy seeing their children happy * Multiple robotic programs to ensure a new experience each visit| Benihana restaurants were decorated by Japanese carpenters using authentic Japanese decor and materials. This provided guests with the sites and ambiance of being in Japan.Additionally, this hibachi communal-style dining was the first of its kind in the US which provided for a novelty restaurant for families, singles, and group gatherings. Offering a limited menu but a variety of drink options leaves the atmosphere to be fun, entertaining and relaxing. Broadway Pizza’s robots were programmed with multiple songs to ensure that a new experience was had during repeat visits. Keeping the entertainment fresh kept children interested, and parents willing to become repeat visitors. |Layout| * Customer flow from bar to dining area * Two hibachi grills next to each other * Small kitchen * Standard design using authentic Japanese materials/artifacts | * Multiple rooms offering unique dining and entertainment * Stressful environment due to low visibility of children * No standard design| Rocky knew that something was wrong when he opened his first Benihana restaurant in regards to layout design. The bar was not big enough to hold waiting customers, but he got it right after the third try and continued the model in the following store openings.Having 2 hibachi grills next to each other allowed for efficient cooking for the chef and quick service for customers. Small kitchens opened up dining space, and the interior being authentic made for a nice atmosphere. BP did not have a standard design for each of it’s location, and always ended up with a stressful environment. With floor to ceiling walls separating â€Å"rooms†, visibility was low and safety a concern. Although the space offered multiple entertaining options, it was not ideal for family togetherness and safety. Job process and design| * Chef controls dining flow * Food prepared before reaching chef * Front men maximize table utilization | * Mangers control technology and food services * Invested in quick serving pizza ovens to ensure customer satisfaction| Each person in BH played a specific role in the flow of customers through the system. The front men greeted and served umbrella drinks, and ensured that groupings of 8 were rounded up and ready to sit-to maximize capacity and utilization.Simple menus made for quick food prep, and prepared for the chef so he could take the cart for more than 1 table and go. BP installed quick cooking pizza ovens reducing wait times and increasing customer satisfaction. What kind of manag ers should be hired for BP? Hospitality or food? A lost vision and identity in this regard made it difficult for staff to have efficient control, while additionally needing a staff person who understands robot technology. Technology and Information Support Systems| * Recruiting and training of staff | * Programmable robots * Arcade games * Quick oven| BH had a strict process for the recruiting and training of its staff, with ads recruiting experienced chefs to go through a specific 15wk training with approved BH teachers. BP was mostly technology based, with arcade games, robot shows (each with multiple programs), and upgraded cooking tools (6min pizzas). This structure required another manager or staff person to focus solely on technology in each store. Organization structure| * Simple management structure * Three man corporate structure * Franchise * Certified chefs| * Complicated corporate structure * Poorly defined roles * Lack of hiring structure| Benihana implemented an organi zational structure that implemented control and focus on specific roles and operated those roles with efficiency to improve cost. Chef’s managed and operated while corporate focused on the big picture. Broadway implemented a complicated structure that was hard to follow and had poorly defined roles which led to a lack of control. Customer Contact , behavior, skills| * Highly interactive * Trained employees to combine skilled labor and defined service management skills * Trained in American culture| * Technology interactive with scheduled shows * Sufficient service management skills| The main focus of Benihana was to provide superior service management from both the front room employees and back room. This provided a full experience from the certified chefs to the experienced support staff. Broadway Pizza developed a strategy to use interactive technology with scheduled shows and service management skills that provided positive customer service scores. Service provider selecti on, development, and empowerment| * Employees certified and trained in American culture * Only Japanese employees * Low turn-over rate * Employees have the ability to be promoted * Chef controls speed of dinner * Front men responsible for table utilization which directing effects bottom line profits| * Did not know what industry to source management candidates from * Specialized robotic technicians * No defined corporate ladder| Based on the success of Benihana, they have created an environment for their employees that stimulate a positive work environment, low turn-over rates and higher utilization rates for the entire company. Broadway Pizza wanted to provide a service for both entertainment and food but from the high turn-over rates and no room for corporation growth, Broadway was unable to recruit the right candidates for the positions. | Recognition and reward| * Real world benefits * Certifications * Work Visa * Education/ Training | * N/A| Having the right recognition for Ben ihana’s employees has kept them from losing qualified chefs through offering visa’s to work and also education opportunities they might not have otherwise had access to.Based on Broadways performance it was clear that they implemented no recognition or rewards which led to the high turn-over rates. | Service Recovery and guarantees| * Guaranteed authentic Japanese atmosphere including building materials and staff * Studied service upsets and used data in creation of new locations| * Guaranteed robotic functionality| Benihana has guaranteed its service based around the authentic Japanese experience with the use of hibachi grills as well as authentic materials and staff. Benihana has also implemented strategies to deal with past difficulties and the use of data to pick correct new locations. Broadway Pizza offers its core strategy which is to offer a dining experience that offers a robotic experience. |

Teaching English For Specific Purposes Education Essay

How is English for Specific Purposes ( ESP ) different from English as a Second Language ( ESL ) , besides known as general English?The most of import difference lies in the scholars and their intents for larning English. ESP pupils are normally grownups who already have some familiarity with English and are larning the linguistic communication in order to pass on a set of professional accomplishments and to execute peculiar job-related maps. An ESP plan is hence built on an appraisal of intents and demands and the maps for which English is required. ESP concentrates more on linguistic communication in context than on learning grammar and linguistic communication constructions. It covers topics changing from accounting or computing machine scientific discipline to touristry and concern direction. The ESP focal point is that English is non taught as a topic separated from the pupils ‘ existent universe ( or wants ) ; alternatively, it is integrated into a capable affair country of import to the scholars. However, ESL and ESP diverge non merely in the nature of the scholar, but besides in the purpose of direction. In fact, as a general regulation, while in ESL all four linguistic communication accomplishments ; listening, reading, speech production, and authorship, are stressed every bit, in ESP it is a needs analysis that determines which linguistic communication accomplishments are most needed by the pupils, and the course of study is designed consequently. An ESP plan, might, for illustration, stress the development of reading accomplishments in pupils who are fixing for alumnus work in concern disposal ; or it might advance the development of spoken accomplishments in pupils who are analyzing English in order to go tourist ushers. As a affair of fact, ESP combines capable affair and English linguistic communication learning. Such a combination is extremely motivative because pupils are able to use what they learn in their English categories to their chief field of survey, whether it be accounting, concern direction, economic sciences, computing machine scientific discipline or touristry. Bing able to utilize the vocabulary and constructions that they learn in a meaningful context reinforces what is taught and increases their motive. The pupils ‘ abilities in their subject-matter Fieldss, in bend, better their ability to get English. Subject-matter cognition gives them the context they need to understand the English of the schoolroom. In the ESP category, pupils are shown how the subject-matter content is expressed in English. The instructor can do the most of the pupils ‘ cognition of the capable affair, therefore assisting them learn English faster. The term â€Å" specific † in ESP refers to the specific intent for larning English. Students approach the survey of English through a field that is already known and relevant to them. This means that they are able to utilize what they learn in the ESP schoolroom right off in their work and surveies. The ESP attack enhances the relevancy of what the pupils are larning and enables them to utilize the English they know to larn even more English, since their involvement in their field will actuate them to interact with talkers and texts. ESP assesses demands and integrates motive, capable affair and content for the instruction of relevant accomplishments.The duty of the instructorA instructor that already has experience in learning English as a Second Language ( ESL ) , can work her background in linguistic communication instruction. She should acknowledge the ways in which her instruction accomplishments can be adapted for the instruction of English for Specific Purposes. Furthermore, she will necessitate to look for content specializers for aid in planing appropriate lessons in the capable affair field she is learning. As an ESP instructor, you must play many functions. You may be asked to form classs, to put larning aims, to set up a positive acquisition environment in the schoolroom, and to measure pupil s advancement.Forming CoursesYou have to put learning ends and so transform them into an instructional plan with the timing of activities. One of your chief undertakings will be choosing, planing and forming class stuffs, back uping the pupils in their attempts, and supplying them with feedback on their advancement.Puting Goals and AimsYou arrange the conditions for larning in the schoolroom and put long-run ends and short-run aims for pupils achievement. Your cognition of pupils ‘ potency is cardinal in planing a course of study with realistic ends that takes into history the pupils ‘ concern in the learning state of affairs.Making a Learning EnvironmentYour accomplishments for communicating and mediation create the schoolroom atmosphere. Students get linguistic communication when th ey have chances to utilize the linguistic communication in interaction with other talkers. Bing their instructor, you may be the lone English talking individual available to pupils, and although your clip with any of them is limited, you can construction effectual communicating accomplishments in the schoolroom. In order to make so, in your interactions with pupils try to listen carefully to what they are stating and give your apprehension or misconstruing back at them through your answers. Good linguistic communication scholars are besides great risk-takers, since they must do many mistakes in order to win: nevertheless, in ESP categories, they are handicapped because they are unable to utilize their native linguistic communication competency to show themselves as intelligent grownups. That s why the instructor should make an ambiance in the linguistic communication schoolroom which supports the pupils. Learners must be self-assured in order to pass on, and you have the duty to ass ist construct the scholar ‘s assurance.Measuring StudentsThe instructor is a resource that helps pupils place their linguistic communication acquisition jobs and happen solutions to them, happen out the accomplishments they need to concentrate on, and take duty for doing picks which determine what and how to larn. You will function as a beginning of information to the pupils about how they are come oning in their linguistic communication acquisition.The duty of the pupilWhat is the function of the scholar and what is the undertaking he/she faces? The scholars come to the ESP category with a specific involvement for larning, capable affair cognition, and well-built grownup larning schemes. They are in charge of developing English linguistic communication accomplishments to reflect their native-language cognition and accomplishments.Interest for LearningPeoples learn linguistic communications when they have chances to understand and work with linguistic communication in a contex t that they comprehend and find interesting. In this position, ESP is a powerful agencies for such chances. Students will get English as they work with stuffs which they find interesting and relevant and which they can utilize in their professional work or farther surveies. The more scholars pay attending to the significance of the linguistic communication they hear or read, the more they are successful ; the more they have to concentrate on the lingual input or stray linguistic communication constructions, the less they are motivated to go to their categories. The ESP pupil is peculiarly good disposed to concentrate on significance in the subject-matter field. In ESP, English should be presented non as a topic to be learned in isolation from existent usage, nor as a mechanical accomplishment or wont to be developed. On the contrary, English should be presented in reliable contexts to do the scholars acquainted with the peculiar ways in which the linguistic communication is used in maps that they will necessitate to execute in their Fieldss of forte or occupations.Subject-Content KnowledgeLearners in the ESP categories are by and large cognizant of the intents for which they will necessitate to utilize English. Having already oriented their instruction toward a specific field, they see their English preparation as complementing this orientation. Knowledge of the capable country enables the pupils to place a existent context for the vocabulary and constructions of the ESP schoolroom. In such manner, the scholars can take advantage of what th ey already know about the capable affair to larn English.Learning SchemesAdults must work harder than kids in order to larn a new linguistic communication, but the acquisition accomplishments they bring to the undertaking permit them to larn faster and more expeditiously. The accomplishments they have already developed in utilizing their native linguistic communications will do learning English easier. Although you will be working with pupils whose English will likely be rather limited, the linguistic communication larning abilities of the grownup in the ESP schoolroom are potentially huge. Educated grownups are continually larning new linguistic communication behavior in their native linguistic communications, since linguistic communication acquisition continues of course throughout our lives. They are invariably spread outing vocabulary, going more fluid in their Fieldss, and seting their lingual behavior to new state of affairss or new functions. ESP pupils can work these uncondi tioned competences in larning English. Copyright AA © 2005 Lorenzo Fiorito. This article is for educational intents merely. It may be freely redistributed in its entireness provided that this right of first publication notice is non removed.

Natureview

These new manufacturers must pay a $10,slotting fee channel also requires each manufacture to contribute funds a minimum of every 3 months for cooperative weekly trade promotions that average $8,000 nationally per ad, per retailer chain. This fee is in addition to any advertising expenditures that the manufacture may have. If the manufacture product continuously does not make a profit for the retailers, it can be pulled from the channel. The Manufacture would then have to repay the slotting fee when applying for re-entry. Because of the multiple fees and uncertainty, this channel provides the most risk for smaller manufacture but also provides a high level of potential.Nature Stores Channel Unlike the supermarket chain, the nature store channel is friendly to small manufactures whose funds are lacking. The only one-time SKU fee for new manufactures in this channel is a allocation of one complementary case of product for every new SKU in the first year. This would usually equate to be ing less than the supermarket channel slotting fee. Along with this fee, manufactures will often use sales brokers to attract retailers. These brokers charge about 4% of manufacture sales in the yogurt category. In this channels distribution, there are 5 steps a product goes through. First the product is manufactured by the manufacture and then is sold to natural foods wholesalers.Then it is sold to distributors who do bulk breaking and then sell and deliver to the retailers who sell to the final consumer. Generally in this channel, prices are usually higher since the niche target consumers are less price sensitive. An z and a jazz cup of yogurt go for $0. 8 and $3. 19, while a z cumulating can sell for $3. 35. Even though this channel is small and generally more expensive it is growing 7 times faster than the supermarket and offers continued potential for small manufactures such as Nature view. Strength On huge strength for Interview Farms is their products shelf life. Because Inat tentiveness organic, natural ingredients with now growth hormones, their yogurt stays fresh up to 50 days.This is huge considering that the completion's product only stays fresh for 30 days. This means there will be less product loss and thus the cost f goods sold will be lower. Interview also has a strong reputation based on quality, taste and natural ingredients. This will help Interview when introducing any new product consumers will be more willing to try it. This reputation is one of the reasons why Interview has strong relationships with nature store retailers. This relationship entitles Interview to be able to work with the retailers to try and sell the product more efficiently and thus increase profit and most likely sales. Weakness Interview is a small manufacture.It has limited funds to which it can use to emigrating decisions. Thus, marketers for Interview must take this in mind when creating strategic marketing plan. Also because Interview is small, their revenues are ge nerally low. This affects Interviews abilities to attain valuation amongst venture capital firms. Noteworthiness of Interview is that their current strategy is not very flexible. It is based for denature store channel. Thus if Interview decides to expand to the supermarket channel, they williwaw to revise their entire marketing strategy. Opportunity The organic food market is expected to grow tremendously over the next few years due congressing consumer interest.This will create new opportunities for product line extensions rooter new product launches. The rise to organic foods is also why Interview an opportunity to disadvantage of this and expand their product offering and thus revenues. Threats Competition is by far Interviews biggest threat. Companies such as Horizon Organic and Brown Cow in the nature store channel are competing directly with Interview to gain a strangle hold in the organic yogurt industry. There is also competition from national brands such as Daemon and Haplo id who are rumored to be launching their own organic yogurt. Another huge threat is the possibility of nature store channel retailers increasing the demand on logistics and technology criteria.If these retailers begin demanding the use of scanning devices and automated inventory tracking systems, Interview will be hard-pressed to find the funds necessary to facilitate those demands. Financial Analyses Interviews revenues are not that bad since they do hove 24%market share to lead their competitors. However the advertising and sales expenses seem to be a little when compared to the gross profit. This is the main reason why the final net income is Just 2%of revenue. If Interview wants to gain more profits they will have to find ways to reduce expenses or increase revenue, which is the logical option since Interview wants to increase revenues to $20 million by the end of 2001. Organizational Objectives 2001 fiscal year This objective is largely due to necessity.Interview farms must be able to meet this objective if they can attain validation for venture capital firms to invest and infuse them with funds that can be used toward strategic investments. If this objective was not met Interview would have no choice but to consider being part of an acquisition. Alternatives/Options regions Option 1 is that Interview expands into the supermarket channel with 6 SKU of theist product size. This expansion will cover the west and the northeast regions. Expansion in to the west region will include the top 9 retail chains, while the northeast region will include the topple retail chains. This will equate to 20 total retail chains.The main reason why the z product was chosen for this option is because it represents a large part of the target group. The z size is the most popular and thus offers the best potential. In fact this whole option offers great potential. Expected sales are at $25. 9 million from this option alone. By choosing this option Interview will be able to gain a first move advantage on their organic yogurt competitors. Getting your foot first in the door means you will have a heads up on the market by the time the competition arrives. This is crucial for success. This option is expected to get the most unit sales out of all the options. It is expected to get 35 million units sold to receive revenue of $25. 9 million.When that is added with Interviews current revenue of $million, it will equate to $38. 9 million, well over the $million objective. Advantages Sigh potential for increased revenue Consumers in EN and W region rearmost likely to purchase organic Expected 1. 5% market share after 1st year (35 million unit sales) Disadvantages Sigh risk will increase by for sales staff,$120,OHO formatting staff Direct competition with national brands (Daemon, Haploid) This option seems to give the most potential. However it also has a lot of risks and cost associated with it. The only way this would be a liable investment would be if some of the risks were abolished. Otherwise this option seems to be too expensive and risky to pursue.Option 2: Expand into the supermarket channel with 4 SKU of jazz yogurt in all regions Like option 1, option 2 also has Interview expand their product into the supermarket channel. However unlike option 1, option 2 has Interview expand with 4 SKU of not z but the jazz of yogurt. The reasoning behind this is that there will be less competition in the category's and that the profit margin for jazz option is 63% versus 51% for the z. It is expected that a sales volume of 5. 5 million units will be sold in the first year. This will bring revenues from this opt ion alone to $14. 85 lion. When added with Interviews current revenue of $million, it will equate to $27. 85 million, well over the $20 million objective.This option will expand into all for regions, with a total of 64 retail chains. The SKU slotting fee is extremely high at $2. 56 million, but on average the trade promotion will be lower sin ce the jazz size will only be promoted twice a year, rather than the normal four times a year. Advantages Fewer competition Lower on average trade promotion expense Cougher profit margin for jazz versus Expected 1st year sales of 5. 5 million units Disadvantages None users may not want to purchase large jazz quantity of product Every difficult to achieve full national distribution within one year This option seems to be taking a differentiation approach.If this option is chosen by Interview, they would be one of only a few companies to offer the jazz size of organic yogurt in the supermarket chain. That fact that there is not many competitors is a huge advantage. However this option is also very risky and has many unknown such as whether it is plausible to distribute nationally within one year. For this option to be acceptable the risk and unknowns must be dealt with. Option 3: Introduce 2 SKU of children multi pack into natural foods channel In this option, Interview will not expan d into the supermarket channel. Instead Interview will introduce a new line of products for children in the nature foods channel.They will introduce 2 SKU off's multicasts. The multipart market was identified earlier in this analyses because of its annual growth rate of 12. 5%. Even thought multicasts are only 9% of total organic yogurt sales, the tremendous growth rate give this market a huge amount of potential without much risk. This is a huge reason why this option is valuable. Another reasons s that cost will be done since SKU slotting fees will no longer be changed. There will be a required allocation of one complementary case of product for every new SKU in the first year. This would usually equate to being less than the supermarket channel slotting fee. This option will also require a broker fee of 4%.Total revenues with this option will be about 6 million with 1. 8 million units sold at a price $3. 35 per unit. take advantage of current relationships within nature foods cha nnel Low risk factors Interview positioned nicely for option Low cost take advantage of growing natural foods channel Low expected revenue Requires R;D to develop product This option is by far the most conservative of the three. It presents the least amount of risk because the basis of this option is to stick with what is known. Interview knows the natural foods channel. They know the distributors, retailers, consumers and anyone in between. There are very few unknown variables.However because there is so few risk involved, reward is also few. The revenues from this options is the lowest of the three options. Combined with the current$13 million revenue, it equates to Just over $19 million. This is under the objective of $million. This must e taken in consideration when choosing the recommendation. Recommendation After careful review and thorough analyses of the problem, situation and available options, It is recommended that Interview Farms chooses the third option. The reason why this option was chosen was because it offered very few risk and had a vide variety of known variables. It also took advantage of the growing nature food channel and the multipart market segment.This option also did not require an entire marketing strategy change. It used the same distributors, retailers and consumers. However, because this option ends up being $1 million short of the objective, it is highly encouraged that Interview Farms invest more funds in marketing the launch of children's multipart. Interview must ensure that they can increase the expected revenues by $1 million or more in order to meet or beat the objective of $20 million. Perhaps a more intensive concentrated promotion plan would yield $1 million or more in extra revenue. If this option is followed with the suggested revisions, it has the potential to increase Interviews success tremendously.